What is lung cancer?
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers that develops in the cells of the lungs. It is a disease that usually develops slowly and gradually attacks the lung tissues. The main risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, both actively and passively.
Worldwide, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for patients affected by the disease.
What are the symptoms of lung cancer?
Symptoms of lung cancer can vary depending on the stage of the disease. The early stage is often asymptomatic or manifests with nonspecific symptoms that can be confused with other conditions. Later stages can cause symptoms such as:
Persistent coughHemorrhage from the mouth or throatShortness of breathChest painUnplanned weight loss
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, especially if they persist over a long period of time, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible.
How can lung cancer be detected at an early stage?
Detecting lung cancer at an early stage is key to increasing the chances of successful treatment and survival. There are several different diagnostic methods that can help detect lung cancer at an earlier stage:
CT scan of the chest
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest is often used to find a tumor in the lungs or other abnormalities. It is a quick and painless procedure that produces detailed images of the inside of the body. The CT can help doctors identify the presence of a tumor, as well as assess its size and distribution.
Biopsy
A biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a sample of lung tissue or lymph nodes for close examination under a microscope. There are several different types of biopsy, including fine-needle biopsy, transbronchial biopsy, bronchoscopy and surgical biopsy.
Bronchoscopy
During a bronchoscopy, the doctor inserts a thin, flexible speculum called a bronchoscope through the nose or mouth and then through the trachea into the bronchi. Instruments to collect a tissue sample may be inserted through the bronchoscope. This procedure allows the doctor to see inside the bronchi and lungs and take samples of potential tumors or other abnormalities.
PET-CT examination
A PET-CT test is a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans that can provide information about organ function and structure. A PET-CT scan can help doctors identify areas of abnormal metabolic activity in the body, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
Summary
Lung cancer is a dangerous and common cancer that is often associated with smoking. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to increasing the chances of survival. There are a variety of diagnostic methods that can help detect lung cancer at an early stage. If you are experiencing any symptoms that may indicate lung cancer, it is important to consult your doctor as soon as possible. Remember that prevention, including avoiding smoking and regular examinations, are the best ways to protect yourself from developing lung cancer.